Effect of Daizongfang on Insulin Resistance of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Induced by Different Methods / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Daizongfang （DZF） on insulin resistance （IR） of adipocytes induced by different methods. Method:The cocktail induction method was adopted to induce the differentiation and maturity of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. An IR model in mature adipocytes was established by the induction of palmitic acid （PA）， high-concentration glucose （HG）， and dexamethasone （DEX）. DZF extracts at different concentrations （2.0， 0.5， 0.1 g·L^-1） intervened for 24 hours. A model group， a rosiglitazone （RSG） group， and a blank control group were set up at the same time. The glucose concentration in the culture supernatant was measured by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase （GOD-POD） method. Glucose consumptions under basic conditions （G_Basic） and insulin stimulation （G_Ins） were calculated to evaluate the insulin sensitivity index （ISI）. The mRNA expression of glucose transporter 4 （GLUT4） was detected by the real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Result:Compared with the model group， the DZF （2.0 g·L^-1） showed increased G_Basic， G_Ins， and ISI in three IR models （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. In addition， for the PA-induced IR model， G_Basic and G_Ins in the DZF （0.5 g·L^-1） group were elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and G_Basic， G_Ins， and ISI in the RSG group increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. For the HG-induced IR model， G_Ins and ISI increased in the DZF （0.5 g·L^-1） group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and G_Basic， G_Ins， and ISI were elevated in the RSG group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. For the DEX-induced IR model， G_Ins and ISI increased in the RSG group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In the three models， there were differences among groups with different doses. G_Basic， G_Ins， and ISI in the high-dose DZF group increased in varying degrees compared with those in the medium- and low-dose DZF groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. In the three models， the DZF （2.0 g·L^-1） group and the RSG group both increased GLUT4 mRNA expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:DZF can reduce IR of adipocytes induced by HG， DEX， or PA in a dose-dependent manner and increase glucose uptake in an insulin-independent manner， which may be related to the increase in GLUT4 expression.

Sustained-releasing performance of polymethyl methacrylate bone cement carrying antituberculosis drugs in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Antibiotic loaded bone cement has been well studied in clinical prevention and treatment of postoperative infection after artificial joint replacement. However, little is reported on antituberculotic-loaded bone cement. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the drug release properties of polymethyl methacrylate bone cement carrying antituberculosis drugs in a simulated body fluid (phosphate buffer solution, PBS). METHODS:The bone cement SimpLex P and antituberculosis drugs, including pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifapentine, prothionamide, capreomycin, rifampicin, moxifloxacin, and amikacin, were mixed at 40 g:1.5 g and 40 g: 2.5 g ratios to prepare 16 groups of experimental specimens (n=5 per group). In addition, 40 g of bone cement powder was mixed with the liquid monomer to prepare a group of non-loaded bone cement specimens (control group,n=5). Either experimental or control specimens were soaked in PBS simulated body fluid, and then the extractions were taken at different time points to measure concentrations of antituberculosis drugs by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The effective sustained-releasing time in the PBS simulated body fluid was 45 and 60 days for 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of pyrazinamide, was 60 and 45 days for 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of isoniazid, was 60 and 45 days for 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of rifapentine, was 150 and 150 days for 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of protionamide, was 150 and 150 days for 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of capreomycin, was 45 and 60 days for 1.5 g and 2.5g groups of rifampicin, was 90 and 90 days for 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of moxifloxacin, and was 60 and 90 days for 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of amikacin, respectively. All the drug carriers had good drug release characteristics. Especially the 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of protionamide, 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of capreomycin, 1.5 g and 2.5 g groups of moxifloxacin and 2.5 g group of amikacin showed a longer period of drug release in accordance with the clinical need. However, our preliminary findings showed that the mechanical strength of the composite bone cement was considerably reduced by isoniazid, rifampicin, rifapentine, or protionamide, while the SimpLex P bone cement carrying pyrazinamide, amikacin, moxifloxacin, or capreomycin showed no changes in the mechanical strength. Therefore, pyrazinamide, amikacin, moxifloxacin, and capreomycin are suitable for the preparation of bone cements carrying antituberculosis drugs.

Discussion on TCM Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer / 中国中医药信息杂志

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer which lacks expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2. The treatment of TNBC remains a challenge, due to its high heterogeneity, aggressive pattern and insensitivity to endocrine, so the HER-2-directed therapy is ineffective and prognosis is poor. TCM treatment has certain advantages in treating TNBC. The complementation of traditional Chinese and Western medicine should be paid attention to in the process of syndrome differentiation. Differential diagnosis of disease in Western medicine should correspond to treatment based on syndrome differentiation and the concept of wholism in TCM. For different stages of the disease, it is also important to emphasize the relations between supporting the healthy energy and eliminating the evil factors, and the whole and the part before the prescription to analyze and grasp of TCM constitution, to exert the superiority of TCM in treating TNBC.